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2--Win32

Esto es una prueba de CSS

Todo este contenido pertenece a https://caiorss.github.io/C-Cpp-Notes/WindowsAPI-cpp.html#org137a523

Entonces, el problema ahora es como le corto el blog para ir comentando en apartados

dfadfs

1.7 WinAPI C Data Types

1.7.1 Hungarian Notation

Windows API uses the Hungarian notation which was intruduced by Charles Simonyi at Microsoft and Xerox PARC. This notation uses a prefix to denote the variable type.

Notes and remarks:

Many sources advises against this notation and nowadays many IDEs can provide a variable type by just hovering the mouse over it.
Understanding the notation can help to reason about the Windows API.
The HN notation is not standardized.

Form:

TYPE-PREFIX + NAME + QUALIFIER

Prefix	Type	Description	Variable Name Example
b	BYTE or BOOL	boolean	BOOL bFlag; BOOL bIsOnFocus
c	char	Character - 1 byte	char cLetter
w	WORD	word
dw	DWORD	double word
i	int	integer	int iNumberOfNodes
u32	unsigned [int]	unsigned integer	unsigned u32Nodes
f or fp	float	float point - single precision	fInterestRate
d	double	float point - double precision	dRateOfReturn
n		short int

sz	char* or const char*	Pointer to null terminated char array.	char* szButtonLabel

H	HANDLE	Handle	HANDLE hModule; HMODULE hInstance;
p	-	Pointer	double* pdwMyPointer;
lp	-	Long Pointer	int* lpiPointer;
fn	-	Function pointer
lpsz		Long Pointer
LP		Long Pointer

I	-	Interface (C++ interface class)	class IDrawable …
S	-	Struct declaration	struct SContext { … }
C	-	Class declaration	class CUserData{ … }
m_	-	Private member variable name of some class	m_pszFileName
s_	-	Static member of a class	static int s_iObjectCount

Examples in Windows API - Function Create Process:

BOOL <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">WINAPI</span> <span class="org-function-name" style="color:rgb(91,161,207);">CreateProcess</span><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1" style="color:rgb(112,113,131);">(</span>
  _In_opt_    <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPCTSTR</span>               <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpApplicationName</span>,      <span class="org-comment-delimiter" style="color:rgb(141,141,132);">// </span><span class="org-comment" style="color:#90EE90;font-style:italic;font-weight:bolder;">const char*</span>
  _Inout_opt_ <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPTSTR</span>                <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpCommandLine</span>,          <span class="org-comment-delimiter" style="color:rgb(141,141,132);">// </span><span class="org-comment" style="color:#90EE90;font-style:italic;font-weight:bolder;">char*</span>
  _In_opt_    <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES</span> <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpProcessAttributes</span>,
  _In_opt_    <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES</span> <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpThreadAttributes</span>,     <span class="org-comment-delimiter" style="color:rgb(141,141,132);">// </span>
  _In_        <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">BOOL</span>                  <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">bInheritHandles</span>,
  _In_        <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">DWORD</span>                 <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">dwCreationFlags</span>,
  _In_opt_    <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPVOID</span>                <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpEnvironment</span>,
  _In_opt_    <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPCTSTR</span>               <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpCurrentDirectory</span>,
  _In_        <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPSTARTUPINFO</span>         <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpStartupInfo</span>,
  _Out_       <span class="org-type" style="color:rgb(18,255,237);">LPPROCESS_INFORMATION</span> <span class="org-variable-name" style="color:#00BFFF;font-weight:bolder;">lpProcessInformation</span>
<span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1" style="color:rgb(112,113,131);">)</span>;

dwCreationFlags => (dw) prefix Indicates that the variable is a DWORD (int)
lpEnvironment => (lp - Long Pointer) Indicates that variable is a void pointer => (LPVOID = void* )
lpApplicationName => Indicates that the variable is a pointer to char or (LPCSTR = const char*)

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Esta parte de la documentación presenta problemas de formato y no sé por qué se pone el bloque

Furthere Reading:

Coding Conventions: The Hungarian Notation
- http://cws.cengage.co.uk/rautenbach/students/ancillary_content/hungarian_notation.pdf
Why I prefer to use the Hungarian Notation
- https://tommcfarlin.com/hungarian-notation/
Hungarian Notation
- https://www.reactos.org/wiki/Hungarian_Notation
Just Say mNo to Hungarian Notation - Jake Wharton
Hungarian Notation
Hungarian Notation
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_notation

Estoy aquí exactamente, y ahora mismo existe el problema donde el copypaste no consigue modficarse porque no teng acceso al html que usa este blog, así que no puedo ni hacerle un recorte manualmente

ddddd

Esto es un parrafado pegado

Creo que parece que se corta, pero estoy dentro del bloque todavía

Los formatos son amplios en este tipo de blog, pero a pesar de eso también parece que hay limitaciones para el formateo, y no parece tampoco que haya una forma de revertirlo

1.7.2 General Terminology

Handle - Is a unsigned integer number assigned to processes, windows, buttons, resources and etc. Actually, it is an opaque pointer to some system data structure (Kernel Object), similar to Unix's file descriptor pointer. The purpose of using handles or opaque pointer is to hide the implementation of those data structures allowing implementators to change their inner working without disrupting application developers. This approach gives a pseudo object-oriented interface to the Windows API. See also:
- Note: A handle can be an obfuscated pointer exposed as an integer, void pointer void* (also opaque pointer) or ordinary opaque pointer (pointer to a C-struct or class which implementation is not exposed).

Se suele comentar mucho a Unix, y sin embargo es un error para los lectores nuevos, porque yo es la primera vez que estoy leyendo Win32, y por tanto la herencia de Unix puede ser histórica, yo lo entiendo, pero esa herencia se transforma en un "esto ya existía en Unix", y es un comentario muy peligroso en cualquier documentación nueva, porque entonces se convierte en "revisa la documentación vieja".

En este caso la documentación es bastante buena, yo no digo que no lo sea, pero este tipo de comentarios de sistemas heredados o relaciones me está quemando mucho.

Creo que la traducción de Handle sería algo similar atirador, manejador, las manillas por ejemplo, pero lo más similar es un asa o yo al menos me suelo imaginar el punto de control de photoshop

Handle Images – Browse 5,997,101 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video | Adobe Stock

Es que realmente me cuesta mucho iminar cuál es la labor de Handle por descripción, y parece quedarse un poco corta porque no hay un ejemplo como en Learncpp puesto en línea de comandos y es confuso

Types of Kernel Objects (Handle is a numeric value related to the pointer to kernel object C-struct). The name "object" comes from the idea that it is possible to access the kernel data structure pointer by the handle using the Win32 API functions. It works in a similar way to classical object oriented programming where the data structure and internal representation can only be accessed by the class methodos.
- Symbolic Link
- Process
  - A running program, executable. A process has its own address space, data, stack and heap.
- Job
  - Group of processes managed as group.
- File
  - Open file or I/O device.
- Token
  - Security token used by many Win32 functions.
- Event
  - Synchronization object used for notification.
- Threads
  - Smallest unit of execution within a process.
- Semaphore
- Mutex
- Timer
  - Object which provides notification after a certain period is elapsed.

References:

Opaque pointer - Wikipedia - Note: Opaque pointer is also called "handle classes", "pimpl idiom", "Compiler-firewall", "d-pointer" in C++.
Handle (computing) - Wikipedia
c++ - win32 application aren't so object oriented and why there are so many pointers? - Stack Overflow
Object-oriented techniques in C Dmitry Frank
Object-oriented design patterns in the kernel, part 1

1.7.3 Common Data Types

Data Type	Definition	Description
BOOL	typedef int BOOL	Boolean variable true (non zero) or false (zero or 0)
BYTE	typedef unsigned char BYTE	A byte, 8 bits.
CCHAR	typedef char CHAR	An 8-bit Windows (ANSI) character.

DWORD	typedef unsigned long DWORD	A 32-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.
DWORDLONG	typedef unsigned __int64 DWORDLONG	64 bits usigned int.
DWORD32	typedef unsigned int DWORD32	A 32-bit unsigned integer.
DWORD64	typedef unsigned __int64 DWORD64	A 64-bit unsigned integer.


FLOAT	typedef float FLOAT	A floating-point variable.

INT8	typedef signed char INT8	An 8-bit signed integer.
INT16	typedef signed short INT16	A 16-bit signed integer.
INT32	typedef signed int INT32	A 32-bit signed integer. The range is -2147483648 through 2147483647 decimal.
INT64	typedef signed __int64 INT64	A 64-bit signed integer.


LPBOOL	typedef BOOL far *LPBOOL;	A pointer to a BOOL.
LPBYTE	typedef BYTE far *LPBYTE	A pointer to a BYTE.
LPCSTR, PCSTR	typedef __nullterminated CONST CHAR *LPCSTR	pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters.
LPCVOID	typedef CONST void *LPCVOID;	A pointer to a constant of any type.
LPCWSTR, PCWSTR	typedef CONST WCHAR *LPCWSTR;	A pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters.
LPDWORD	typedef DWORD *LPDWORD	A pointer to a DWORD.
LPSTR	typedef CHAR *LPSTR;	A pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters.
LPTSTR		An LPWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPSTR otherwise.
LPWSTR	typedef WCHAR *LPWSTR;	A pointer to a null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters.
PCHAR	typedef CHAR *PCHAR;	A pointer to a CHAR.

CHAR	ANSI Char or char
WCHAR	Wide character 16 bits UTF16
TCHAR	-	A WCHAR if UNICODE is defined, a CHAR otherwise.
UCHAR	typedef unsigned char UCHAR;	An unsigned CHAR.

WPARAM	typedef UINT_PTR WPARAM;	A message parameter.

1.7.4 Other data types



HANDLE	32 bits integer used as a handle
HDC	Handle to device context
HWND	32-bit unsigned integer used as handle to a window
LONG
LPARAM
LPSTR
LPVOID	Generic pointer similar to void*
LRESULT
UINT	Unsigned integer
WCHAR	16-bit Unicode character or Wide-Character
WPARAM
HINSTANCE

Faltan de verdad muchos ejemplos, pero espero que al terminar la lectura haya algo que ayude al menos, esta documentación es como mínimo una tabla

1.7.5 References

General:

Windows Programming:

Acabo de descubrir el botón del html, solo para darme cuenta de que no está dividido automáticamente

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Pero bueno, está bien

Yo intentaré reactualizar esto, prefier hacer publicaciones de chaptesr, pero no hay otro remedio y prefiero que no haya tantos usuarios dentro si es que hay usuarios activos, porque estos blogs son muy sucios

Kudos: 0

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