I'd recommend looking at second hand business machines, especially if you're ok with using Linux. Thinkpad T480 and T480s are both the GOAT of Thinkpads, and they are extremely basic and lean - no gimmicks or crap, just pure l a p t o p.
I used to daily drive one till I moved onto using a Panasonic Let's Note SV1. also an amazing second hand business class laptop, looks so Y2K and has a DVD drive and VGA port and everything, plus almost deceptively light and portable but is really rugged despite feeling cheap, but are a bit pricey since they're from Japan and have gotten popular with collectors.
honestly just look at Lenovo Thinkpads, HP EliteBook/ProBooks, Dell Latitudes, maybe even Microsoft Surfaces if touchscreen is a priority, laptops that are produced in fleets for businesses to give on mass. they tend to be really basic, focused on nothing but performance, ease of use, sometimes even repairability given they're provided in fleets, and most importantly, they focus heavily on reliability. as someone who's been through way more laptops than the average person, this classification of laptop, when bought second hand, will give the best value for money.
hope this helps!
edit: epic photos

Thinkpad T480 (my former daily)

Thinkpad T480s (the slimmer version of the T480)

Let's Note SV1 (my new daily)